Low levels of glucocorticoids leads to systemic hypotension (one of the effects of cortisol is to increase peripheral resistance), which results in a decrease in stretch of the arterial baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and the aortic arch. įor accurate diagnosis, it is first important to understand the exact pathophysiology behind AI. Causes can include brain tumors and sudden withdrawal from long-term exogenous steroid use (which is the most common cause overall). Tertiary adrenal insufficiency: A condition which is due to hypothalamic disease and reduction in the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). Its principal causes include pituitary adenoma (which can suppress production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lead to adrenal deficiency unless the endogenous hormones are replaced) and Sheehan's syndrome, which is associated with impairment of only the pituitary gland. Secondary adrenal insufficiency: A condition which is caused by impairment of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
Other subtypes include idiopathic (unknown) cause, congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland. Other diseases that are more common in people with autoimmune adrenalitis include premature ovarian failure, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis with pernicious anemia. Hypogonadism may also present with this syndrome. Autoimmune adrenalitis may be part of Type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, which can include type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disease (also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis), and Hashimoto's disease. The causes include:Īddison's disease or autoimmune adrenalitis: These are autoimmune conditions, constituting 80% of all cases.
Hypoadrenalism or Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) can be classified as:Ī condition which is due to impairment of the adrenal glands.
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